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Classical Mythology
CLA 1-216-97
College Hall 013
Cornell College
Instructor: John Gruber-Miller, 312 College Hall; phone:
x4326; email: grubermiller
Class meetings: M-F 9-11:15 a.m.; three afternoons each week,
usually M T W 1-3 p.m.
Office Hours: M W F 11:15-12 noon and always by appointment.
Resources | Argos
Metamorphoses Project: | Template
1 | Template 2
Student Feedback
Achilles | Apollo
| Athena | Demeter
| Helen
Required Texts:
Robert Fagles, trans. Homer. The Iliad. Penguin, 1990.
Stephanie, Dalley, trans. Myths from Mesopotamia. Creation, The Flood,
Gilgamesh, and Others. Oxford, 1989.
Stanley Lombardo, trans. Hesiod. Works and Days and Theogony. Hackett,
1993.
David Grene and Richmond Lattimore, eds. Euripides II (The Cyclops, Heracles,
Iphigenia in Tauris, Helen). Chicago, 1952.
A.D. Melville, trans. Ovid. Metamorphoses. Oxford, 1986.
Susan Shelmerdine, trans. Homeric Hymns. Focus, 1995.
Goals:
- Introduction to the some of the most famous and most important myths,
legends, and folktales of the ancient world.
- Introduction to the literature of ancient Greece and Rome.
- Understanding of how to read various types of literature and how
to interpret myths, legends, and folktales.
- Understanding of the relationship between ancient and modern myth,
and why myths continue to speak to us today.
- Opportunity to explore important human questions about divinity and
humanity, life and death, female and male, rational and irrational,
freedom and necessity, etc.
- Opportunity to improve both your verbal and written communication
skills.
- Ability to gather, use, and evaluate materials both from the library
and the World Wide Web.
- Ability to create and publish a project on the WWW using basic HTML
code.
Requirements:
A daily journal assignment will be graded on completeness (one entry
per class day) and on the degree to which you actively engage the
material in your personal reflections. This journal is for you to ask questions
and make comments about the course: to explore ideas generated by the readings,
make connections with your own life, and to reflect on your progress doing
research in the library and the WWW. Each entry should be written before
we discuss a text in class. This will not only help you grapple with the
text on your own terms, but it will help prepare you to participate actively
in class.
Class discussion: I hope to foster an atmosphere in which students
are free to speak their minds. We all (myself included) bring different
backgrounds, preparation, theoretical perspectives, and values to this
course. We all will learn from many sources: our common readings, each
other, our discussions, and our research. It is, therefore, crucial to
the success of the course that everyone show respect and courtesy to everyone
else in the class, and a willingness to help each other learn and approach
this material from new perspectives.
Informal writing assignments of various types based on class readings
(approximately one for each section of the course). These essays are meant
to be a chance to examine your own views, values and biases within the
light of various readings. These topics will be announced in advance.
Always make sure you keep a copy of your papers until after the course
is over. I will not be responsible for losing the only copy of your paper.
Metamorphoses Project on the transformation
of myth through time. In order to understand mythology in antiquity and
its enduring relevance, groups of four students each will research one
divinity or hero. More detailed instructions will be handed out later,
but basically the project will involve the following steps:
- research (both in the library and on the WWW) and analysis of the
various Greek myths concerning a particular divinity or hero;
- research (both in the library and on the WWW) and analysis of the
various later transformations of myth concerning the same figure;
- exploration (both in the library and on the WWW) of the intersection
between cult and mythology for the same figure, or discovery of a parallel
figure in another society's mythology;
- creative project by the group showing their response to the divinity
or hero they have researched. It may take the form of artwork, drama,
music, story, video, etc. Ideally, it should engage one's mind, heart,
and spirit.
Final Exam. Study questions.
Grading:
40% class participation, daily journal, and informal written assignments
40% web project on a divinity or hero
20% final exam
Schedule of Topics and Readings
Section I: The Experience of a Hero:
Day 1: First definitions of "myth," "legend" and
"folklore"
Iliad, Bk 1: The wrath of a hero
Mythological
Background to Homer's Iliad, by Prof. John Porter.
Day 2: Iliad, Bks 2 and 3: Definition of
a hero: Male and Female
Day 3: Iliad, Bks 6, 9, 11: Friends,
Family, Peers
Informal Writing Assignment #1 DUE:
Excellence: How does Homer define it for men and women?
Who in particular exemplifies excellence in Homer, both male and
female? Why? How do you respond to Homer's definition?
Do you agree or disagree? How would you define excellence
in your own life? Can you think of anyone today who exemplifies
your definition of excellence?
Sample Student Essay 1 | Sample
Student Essay 2
Day 4: Iliad, Bks 14, 16, and 18: On
the battlefield--war, love, injury, death
Day 5: Iliad, Bks 22-24: Rage and Compassion
Metamorphoses Project, Part 1A, due: Greek versions of the myth
Day 6: Gilgamesh, Tablets 1-6: Hero
and Friend. Study Guide for Gilgamesh
Metamorphoses Project, Part 1B, due: analysis of Greek versions
of the myth
Day 7: Gilgamesh, Tablets 7-12: Quest
for Immortality
Informal Writing Assignment #2 DUE
Death and Dying: All human beings experience deep feelings
(e.g., denial, anger, resignation, etc.) when a loved one dies.
The challenge is how do human beings cope with these emotions.
How does Achilles cope with death of Patroclus and his own mortality?
How does it compare with how the Trojans deal with the death of
Hector? How does Gilgamesh deal with Enkidu's death and his
own mortality? Are there parallels between the Homeric and
Mesopotamian ways of dealing with the death of a loved one?
Have you experienced the loss of someone dear to you? How
did that experience compare with what we have read in the Iliad
or Gilgamesh? Does the experience of Achilles, the
Trojans, and/or Gilgamesh--their questions, feelings, rituals--offer
any answers for us today?
Sample Student Essay
Section II: Creation
Day 8: Hesiod's Theogony: Genealogy
and Cosmogony. Study Guide for Theogony
Day 9: Enuma Elish: the Contest for
Creation
Genesis 1-11: How many creation stories? Study
Guide for Creation
Day 10: Ovid, Metamorphoses, Bk 1: A rationalized
version of creation?
Metamorphoses Project, Part 2A, due: later versions of the myth
Day 11: Homeric Hymn to Demeter: Demeter and
the Eleusinian Mysteries. Study Guide for
Demeter
Metamorphoses Project, Part 2B, due: analysis of later versions
of the myth
Day 12: Homeric Hymn to Apollo: Apollo's oracle
at Delphi. Study Guide for Apollo
Informal Writing Assignment #3 DUE
Creation and Knowledge: What makes a creation myth a
creation myth? One way is to say that creation myths answer
key questions that we as human beings need to understand their
place in the cosmos. What are the questions answered by
Theogony, Enuma Elish, Genesis, and Metamorphoses?
Are these answered in the Hymn to Demeter or the Hymn to Apollo.
Choose either the Hymn to Demeter or to Apollo. Can it be
considered a creation story? What elements are present in
the hymn that are also present in the other creation myths we
have read? What questions would you want answered in a creation
myth? How would you want them answered?
Section III: Metamorphoses of Myth
Day 13: Euripides' Helen: Phanton, femme-fatale,
or faithful wife?
Day 14: Euripides' Heracles: Divine or human
madness?
Day 15: Ovid, Metamorphoses, Bks 8-9: Helen,
Heracles, etc.
Metamorphoses Project, Part 3, due: cultic connection or parallel
in world mythology
Day 16: Ovid, Metamorphoses, Bks 5-6 and 12: Ovid's
transformation of Demeter, Athena, and the Trojan War
Day 17: Creative Projects due;
Metamorphoses Project completed
Day 18: Final Exam. Study
questions.
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